Textile machinery is a general term for all kinds of machinery and equipment needed to process natural fiber or chemical fiber into textiles. The procedures required to process different fibers such as cotton, leprosy, silk and wool into textiles are not the same or completely different, so the machines needed are also various and varied. Classification of spinning equipment, weaving equipment, printing and dyeing equipment, finishing equipment, chemical fiber spinning equipment, silk reeling equipment and non-woven fabric equipment. Spinning equipment is divided into two types: processing staple fiber and processing long fiber. Cotton and cotton type chemical fiber belong to short fiber category, wool, hemp, silk and its blend chemical fiber belong to long fiber category. The two types of fiber processing procedures are different, the equipment is not common, but some of the machine design principle is similar. Even if the same type of equipment and the structure of the machine are similar, the nature of the raw materials and the final requirements for the fabric are different, it is generally not universal.
The spinning equipment is mainly divided into two types: short fiber processing and long fiber processing, due to a wide variety of machines with different structures, USES and properties. According to its order in the process flow, it can be divided into cotton clearing machine, carding machine, combing machine, winding machine, yarn doubling machine, drawing frame, coarse and warping process yarn machine, spinning machine, rotating cup spinning machine, woolen and linen spinning machine, etc.
Weaving equipment can be divided into winding process, warping process, threading process, weaving process and finishing process according to its process.
Printing and dyeing equipment: singeing machine (cloth surface singing), desorbing and bleaching machine (cloth surface slurry returning), mercerizing machine (make cloth surface fibers neatly arranged, cloth surface glossy, dye adsorption better point), uniform rolling machine (cloth dyeing), molding machine (fabric shaping), preshrinking machine (control fabric shrinkage).
Finishing equipment is textile finishing equipment to be used mainly coating, pressing, printing, washing, nitrate washing, sand washing, embossing, punching, shaping, embroidery, bronzing and so on.
At the end of the 19th century, man-made fibers came out, which widened the field of textile machinery and added a category of chemical fiber machinery. The increasing demand for synthetic fiber has promoted the development of synthetic fiber spinning equipment towards large scale (spinning screw diameter up to 200 mm, the daily output of a single spinning machine up to 100 tons) and high-speed (spinning speed up to 3000 ~ 4000 meters/min). The world's fastest growing synthetic fiber industry, almost in five to six years of equipment renewal, the number of machines doubled in 10 years. In recent 20 years, the spinning and weaving equipment has made many local improvements to adapt to pure spinning of chemical fibers or to blend with natural fibers, such as expanding the range of suitable spinning fiber length of the drafting mechanism and eliminating static electricity on the fibers. In dyeing and finishing, high temperature and high pressure dyeing equipment, heat setting equipment, resin finishing equipment and loose finishing equipment are developed.Non-woven equipment textile products made from textile fibers by bonding, fusion or other chemical and mechanical processes. This kind of textile does not go through the traditional spinning, weaving or knitting process, also known as non-woven cloth, non-woven cloth.
